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- IS WINDOWS 3.0 A THREAT TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM?
-
- The new Windows 3.0 environment, with its greatly improved interface,
- memory management and developer and user capabilities, gained near-uni-
- versal acclaim when it was released by Microsoft on May 22.
-
- But now, thousands of users around the country are asking the ques-
- tion: What is the REAL price of using Windows 3.0? In addition to the
- more mundane problems affecting any major new software release, many
- users are reporting serious difficulties with Windows 3.0. And some
- have had disk failures and file losses because of severe incompatibili-
- ties between Windows and certain large hard disk drives and disk format-
- ting programs.
-
- As users buy new, more powerful systems and upgrade existing ones to
- tap the power of Windows 3.0, a wave of disk problems and data loss is
- starting to sweep the MS-DOS world.
-
- In July 1989, Microsoft released a limited-circulation memo which
- stated, in part:
-
- Many non-standard (i.e. non-FDISK) disk partitioning schemes
- will cause problems when used with Windows and/or the
- SMARTDRV.SYS disk caching utility. This information applies to
- Windows/286, Windows/386, and Excel. Specific partitioning
- methods that will ALWAYS cause problems include the following:
-
- - Disk Manager by Ontrack & Seagate (DMDRVR.BIN)
- - Priam disk partitioning (supplied with Priam hard disks)
- - Golden Bow V-Feature Deluxe
- - Partitioning used by CORE hard disks (cannot be changed; contact
- Core)
- - Any system with a XENIX or UNIX partition on the hard disk
-
- Windows will NOT work properly on ANY system using one of the
- above methods for disk partitioning. Other brands of utilities
- may or may not cause problems . . . Because of the large number
- of partitioning-utility versions and methods of partitioning the
- hard drive with them, it is impossible to say whether a given
- utility will definitely cause a problem in a particular configu-
- ration.
-
- The underlying reason for these problems is that some routines in
- Windows, for performance reasons, bypass DOS disk services (and associ-
- ated disk utilities like Disk Manager and SWBIOS which change the way
- disk writes occur in normal operation) and write directly to disk
- through BIOS. Symptoms of the resulting discrepancy range from mild to
- severe, with file systems damaged and data lost.
-
- Yet, in its general publicity and documentation for Windows,
- Microsoft has utterly failed to warn hundreds of thousands of affected
- users that their programs and data are vulnerable to these problems.
- Nowhere in the Windows 3.0 manual or in associated literature (such as
- the Hardware Compatibility List) are these limitations mentioned. For
- example, the Windows 3.0 manual (pp. 513-514) strongly encourages opti-
- mizing hard disk interleave, which "can drastically improve your sys-
- tem's speed." But there is no warning about the dangers of using Disk
- Manager or other such programs which provide low-level formatting and
- interleave selection!
-
- The purpose of this message, therefore, is to alert current and
- potential Windows users to these problems, and to provide impetus for
- Microsoft to address this situation in a timely and effective manner.
-
- A. INCOMPATIBILITY WITH DISK MANAGER AND OTHER DISK FORMATTERS
-
- PROBLEM: The first type of difficulty occurs with 80386-based systems
- using: (1) a "permanent swap file" under Windows 3.0 in 386 enhanced
- mode; and (2) using a non-Microsoft disk formatter such as Disk Manager,
- SpeedStor or Vfeature. Many users have noted the inability to load and
- run certain programs, and non-destructive system lockups. With the
- exception of very large hard disks, as noted below, no problems occur as
- long as Windows is not running in 386 enhanced mode, or a permanent swap
- file is not in use.
-
- WORKAROUND: Microsoft has published a workaround on CompuServe to
- address this problem. Briefly, two things must be done to avoid prob-
- lems while using third-party disk formatters: (1) switch the permanent
- swap file to a temporary swap file (see the Windows 3.0 manual, pp. 525-
- 529); and (2) add the line: virtualhdirq=off to the SYSTEM.INI file in
- the [386ENH] section. Note: The temporary swap file is much slower than
- the permanent one, because the latter creates a block of contiguous disk
- space which is written to directly by Windows.
-
- B. DESTRUCTION OF HARD DISK SYSTEMS WITH MORE THAN 1,024 CYLINDERS
-
- PROBLEM: Windows (all versions), like DOS, only recognizes the first
- 1,024 cylinders of a hard disk. But unlike most software, it can write
- directly to disk through BIOS. This is a major risk for larger hard
- drives, which may be using SWBIOS or similar software-based extenders to
- address cylinders beyond the 1,024th. A mismatch between the DOS-level
- situation provided by SWBIOS and the BIOS-level situation encountered in
- a direct disk write can be fatal. One Windows 3.0 beta tester in Port-
- land, Oregon recently had a Conner 150 MB drive trashed by Windows 3.0.
- Many other incidents of similar disasters with large hard disks have
- been reported.
-
- WORKAROUND: At present, there is no reliable workaround.
-
- Some RLL and ESDI drive controllers support "sector translation" at
- the hardware level, making the drives they support appear to have no
- more than 1,024 cylinders. Use of or conversion to these controllers
- may avoid the problem. However, not all large MFM drives are RLL-com-
- pliant. In any event, reformatting hard disks is costly, tedious and
- error-prone.
-
- ************************************************************************
- If you are unsure about the safety of your system: STOP USING WINDOWS
- IMMEDIATELY IF YOU HAVE A DRIVE WITH MORE THAN 1,024 CYLINDERS!!
- ************************************************************************
-
- The following is a partial list of commonly available drives with
- more than 1,024 cylinders (number of cylinders in parentheses):
-
- Conner Hopi CP-30104 (1,522), CP-3204F (1,366), Stubby CP-4044 (1,104)
- Control Data 94186-383 (1,412), 94186-383H (1,224), 94186-442H (1,412)
- Fujitsu M2247E (1,243), M2248E (1,243), M2249E (1,243)
- Imprimis 94186-383 (1,412), 94186-383H (1,224), 94186-442H (1,412),
- 94196-766 (1,632), 94246-383 (1,747)
- Maxtor XT2085 (1,224), XT2190 (1,224), XT4380 (1,224), XT8760 (1,632)
- Micropolis 1551 (1,224), 1554 (1,224), 1555 (1,224), 1556 (1,224), 1557
- (1,224), 1558 (1,224), 1653 (1,249), 1654 (1,249), 1663 (1,780), 1664
- (1,780),
- Microscience HH-1090 (1,314), HH-1120 (1,314), HH-2160 (1,276)
- Miniscribe 3085 (1,170), 3130 (1,250), 3180 (1,250), 9230E (1,224),
- 9380E (1,224), 9780E (1,661), 9000E (1,224)
- NEC D5655 (1,224), D5662 (1,224), D5682 (1,633)
- Priam 630 (1,224), V185 (1,166)
- Rodime RO5040 (1,224), RO5065 (1,224), RO5090 (1,224)
- Seagate Swift 94354-230 (1,272), Wren 94244-383 (1,747), Wren 94246-180
- (1,453), Wren 94186 (1,412), Wren 94186H (1,224), Wren 94286-380
- (1,747),
-
- FURTHER INFORMATION
-
- The two main sources of information for this message have been the
- Microsoft Windows forum on CompuServe and the Ontrack Systems BBS
- (612/937-0860). Ontrack is now intensively testing Disk Manager and
- Windows 3.0 and promises daily bulletins on their findings.